Solar PV Grid Based EV Charging Station in MATLAB
Title: Building a Solar PV Grid-Based EV Charging Station Simulation in MATLAB
Introduction: In this simulation tutorial, we will explore the construction of a Solar Photovoltaic (PV) grid-based Electric Vehicle (EV) charging station using MATLAB. This comprehensive simulation model encompasses various sectors, including the power sector, control system sector, and measurement sector. We will delve into the key components and control logic required to build such a system.
Prerequisites: Ensure you have MATLAB installed and configured on your computer before proceeding.
Power Sector: The power sector of our simulation consists of three primary elements: the PV system, EV battery system, and grid system.
PV System:
We consider a Solar PV array rated for a maximum of 2000 Watts under standard test conditions (STC).
The PV array consists of multiple panels arranged in parallel and series.
Each panel generates a maximum power point voltage around 245-246 volts under varying irradiation conditions.
EV Battery System:
We simulate an EV battery with a rating of 240 volts and 40 Ampere-hours (Ah).
The battery starts with an initial state of charge (SoC) of 50%.
A bidirectional converter connects the EV battery to the DC bus, allowing power flow in both directions.
Grid System:
We model a single-phase grid with a voltage of 230 volts and a frequency of 50 Hz.
The grid is connected to the DC bus through a single-phase inverter, enabling power exchange with the grid.
Control System Sector: The control system sector is vital for managing the operation of each component in the power sector. Various control logics are implemented for:
Solar PV system
EV battery system
Grid inverter system
Measurement Sector: In the measurement sector, we monitor and measure critical parameters of the system, including:
PV voltage, current, and power
DC bus voltage
EV battery voltage, current, and power
Grid voltage, current, and power
Overall system power
Simulation Logic:
PV System Control: We use an incremental conductance Perturb and Observe (P&O) algorithm to track the maximum power point of the PV panels. This algorithm adjusts the duty cycle of the boost converter to extract the maximum power efficiently.
EV Battery Control: The bidirectional converter controls the EV battery's state of charge and ensures efficient charging and discharging. It adjusts its duty cycle based on the desired power transfer to/from the battery.
Grid Inverter Control: The inverter regulates the power exchange with the grid. It uses a current control method to match the power required for charging the EV battery with the power available from the PV system. The grid provides power only when the PV generation falls short.
Simulation Results: The simulation results demonstrate the system's behavior under varying irradiation conditions. When solar irradiation is high, the PV system generates sufficient power to charge the EV battery. Conversely, when irradiation decreases, power from the grid is utilized to maintain a consistent charging rate.
Conclusion: This MATLAB simulation model illustrates the dynamic behavior of a Solar PV grid-based EV charging station. It showcases the intelligent control strategies that ensure efficient power management and charging of EV batteries using renewable energy sources. The system adapts to varying environmental conditions, making it a sustainable solution for clean and efficient EV charging.
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